实验目的

  1. 掌握 tkinter 的使用
  2. 熟悉可视化界面的设计方法

    实验内容

    题目

    完成以下代码，熟悉 tkinter 各个部件的使用

    代码

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    #(1) 创建主窗口及 Label 部件（标签）创建使用
    import tkinter as tk
    # SY11-1
    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title('First Example')
    window.geometry('500x300')
    l = tk.Label(window,text ='你好！欢迎使用Python tkinter!',bg = 'AliceBlue',font = ('Arial',12), width=30, height=2)
    l.pack()
    window.mainloop()

    #（2）Button 窗口部件
    import tkinter as tk

    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title('First Example')
    window.geometry('500x300')
    var = tk.StringVar()
    l = tk.Label(window,textvariable = var,bg = 'AliceBlue',
        font = ('Arial',12), width=30, height=2)
    l.pack()
    on_hit = False
    def touch():
        global on_hit
        if on_hit == False:
            on_hit = True
            var.set('你点击了确认按钮')
        else:
            on_hit = False
            var.set('')
    b = tk.Button(window,text='确认',font=('Arial',12),width = 10,
                  height=1,command = touch)
    b.pack()
    window.mainloop()

    #（3）Entry 窗口部件
    import tkinter as tk

    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title('SY11-3')
    window.geometry('500x300')
    e1 = tk.Entry(window,show='*',font=('Arial',14))
    e2 = tk.Entry(window,show=None,font=('Arial',14))
    e1.pack()
    e2.pack()
    window.mainloop()

    #（4）Text 窗口部件
    import tkinter as tk

    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title('SY11-4')
    window.geometry('500x300')
    e = tk.Entry(window,show = None)
    e.pack()
    def insert_point():
        var = e.get()
        t.insert('insert',var)
    def insert_end():
        var = e.get()
        t.insert('end',var)
    b1 = tk.Button(window,text='insert point',width = 10,
                   height = 2,command = insert_point)
    b1.pack()
    b2 = tk.Button(window,text='insert end',width = 10,
                   height = 2,command = insert_end)
    b2.pack()
    t = tk.Text(window,height = 3)
    t.pack()
    window.mainloop()

    #（5）Canvas 窗口部件
    import tkinter as tk # 使用 Tkinter 前需要先导入

    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title('My Window')
    window.geometry('500x300')
    canvas = tk.Canvas(window, bg='AliceBlue', height=200, width=500)
    image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file='123.gif')
    image = canvas.create_image(250, 0, anchor='n',image=image_file)
    x0, y0, x1, y1 = 100, 100, 150, 150
    line = canvas.create_line(x0-50, y0-50, x1-50, y1-50)
    oval = canvas.create_oval(x0+120, y0+50, x1+120, y1+50, fill='yellow')
    arc = canvas.create_arc(x0, y0+50, x1, y1+50, start=0, extent=180)
    rect = canvas.create_rectangle(330, 30, 330+20, 30+20)
    canvas.pack()
    def moveit():
        canvas.move(rect, 2, 2)
    b = tk.Button(window, text='move item',command=moveit).pack()
    window.mainloop()

    #（6）messageBox 窗口部件
    import tkinter as tk
    import tkinter.messagebox
    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title('My Window')
    window.geometry('500x300')
    def hit_me():
     tkinter.messagebox.showinfo(title='Hi', message='你好！')
     # tkinter.messagebox.showwarning(title='Hi', message='有警告！') # 提出
     # tkinter.messagebox.showerror(title='Hi', message='出错了！') # 提出错
     # print(tkinter.messagebox.askquestion(title='Hi', message='你好！')) # 询问选择对话窗 return 'yes', 'no'
     # print(tkinter.messagebox.askyesno(title='Hi', message='你好！')) # return'True', 'False'
     # print(tkinter.messagebox.askokcancel(title='Hi', message='你好！')) # return'True', 'False'
    tk.Button(window, text='hit me', bg='green', font=('Arial', 14), command=hit_me).pack()
    window.mainloop()

    #（7）窗口部件三种放置方式 pack/grid/place
    #7-1
    import tkinter as tk
    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title('My Window')
    window.geometry('500x300')
    for i in range(3):
        for j in range(3):
            tk.Label(window, text=1).grid(row=i, column=j, padx=10, pady=10,ipadx=10, ipady=10)
    window.mainloop()

    #7-2
    import tkinter as tk
    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title('My Window')
    window.geometry('500x300')
    tk.Label(window, text='P', fg='red').pack(side='top') # 上
    tk.Label(window, text='P', fg='red').pack(side='bottom') # 下
    tk.Label(window, text='P', fg='red').pack(side='left') # 左
    tk.Label(window, text='P', fg='red').pack(side='right') # 右
    window.mainloop()

    #7-3
    import tkinter as tk
    window = tk.Tk()
    window.title('My Window')
    window.geometry('500x300')
    tk.Label(window, text='Pl', font=('Arial', 20), ).place(x=50, y=100, anchor='nw')
    window.mainloop()